ITALIAN - ENGLISH - ARABIC AUTHOR
Kamal F. Ishak
REJECTION of “A Response to Patricia Crone's Book”.
It is believed that Saudi Arabia, The Kingdom of Darkness as demonstrated skillfully by Andy McDermott, Hatred's Kingdom as described by Dore Gold, financed a lady called Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi, claimed to be a Doctor (which we think a degree granted her, as done to many other Muslims, under the so called “Islamic science”), to publish a book titled “A Response to Patricia Crone's Book”. The book in question is “Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam”, Oxford, 1987.
The so-called “Doctor” Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi’ book is divided in 7 theme + introduction.
Introduction.
First theme: Mecca: Name and Geographical Location.
Second theme: Pilgrimage to Mecca in Pre-Islamic Times.
Third theme: The Role of Quraysh in the World Eastern Trade.
Fourth theme: Islam Propagation (Da'wa) Center.
Fifth theme: The Date of the Battle of BADR.
Sixth theme: Formation of the Islamic State.
I- Islam resisted by the Quraysh infidels in Makkah, but succeeded in Yathrib
II- Spiritual Crisis in Pre-Islamic Arabia
III- Islamic State and Invasion
Seventh theme: Errors in References to the Qur'an and Use of Mockery.
In this brief essay I reject all the thesis of said so called “Doctor” Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi, giving preamble, then I proceed confuting the up-mentioned themes.
Preamble.
It is well known that Muslims can’t bear any criticism to Muhammad, Koran, or Islam as a whole. For long time, it was forbidden by the sword of Islam, or by the terrorism nowadays. I dare saying that “true Muslim” has the terrorism within his DNA.
Anyhow, time is changed.
- As to Islam, it is now under critical studies. Further to thousands of printed material, it is enough to mention Father ZAKARIA BOTROUS who speaks in Arabic mainly, and in English sometimes on Satellite Channels. From over 14 years, Islam is unveiled on both arabic christian Channels HAYAT, FADI and others.
Where are your replies oh so called “Doctor” Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi?
Moreover, Many anti-islamic movements is growing allover the world.
- As for Saudi Arabia, the time of “Death of a Princess” went, and will never be back. Petroleum is losing its power. The saudi Kings are rulers of beduins, and retardate Muslims.
I confirm that The Islamic sources, original or modern, are not trustworthy, as they are tendentious, seeking to convince us of the prophet hood of Muhammad.
Let me explain.
As for the Koran, anybody can refer to my book in Italian language
“Il Corano, Compendium - Storia e Critica”.
In this book, using basically the Islamic sources, the Koran is really exposed. I uncovered its falseness, corruption and errors.
It is un-logically confused book. I wonder, how can Muslims accept that sun setting is “in a spring of black muddy water”.
As For Muhammad, anybody can refer again to my book in Italian language “Maometto, Compendium - Storia e Critica”.
In this book, using basically the Islamic sources, I demonstrated that Muhammad illegitimately born, psychopathic man. His behavior showed him criminal minded.
He was a false prophet.
Nobody can confute my books … there is no way, ... every line of the text is documented.
I defeat the so called “Doctor” Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi to reply, together with her all supporters.
I made Arabic versions of both books, not yet published, but can be delivered against payment.
This is a rebuttal of any quoting of Islamic sources, original or modern, used by the so-called “Doctor” Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi. No need to repeat.
On the other hand, any researcher can accept, or rather use without acceptance, what he believes from Islamic sources in his thesis, as Muslims accept everything of their literature.
Confuting the introduction.
First, non-Arabs and non-Muslims have nowadays good knowledge about Islam and its Prophet, thanks to Internet.
... Oh “Doctor” Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi, don’t you really know why Crone removed all her personal data from the Internet?
I tell you. It is because Islamic terrorism.
What you assert to be “deliberate scientific study, and detailed accurate comments” is nothing but nonsense, or quotation of unacceptable Islamic sources.
Fourth, I can tell readers that no way to defend Islam anymore. Illumination is forgoing.
Fifth, you really have to pay attention on reading all that has been written about Islam by non-Muslims, starting with my writings.
Confuting The First Theme Makkah: Name and Geographical Location
We really do not care about Mecca or its name. As for its history, go to
https://www.scribd.com/doc/254579270/NO-MECCA-BEFORE-THE-4TH-CENTURY-A-D
As for MACORABA
Go to read
“https://www.scribd.com/doc/254566845/MECCA-is-not-MACORABA”
That makes everything clear, though I do not agree with the last 2 sentences, as I found Medina, ex Yathrib, mentioned under the name LATHRIPPA.
Confuting Second theme: Pilgrimage to Mecca in Pre-Islamic Times.
Here is a link of a separate essay in this subject to confirm the Thesis of P. Crone.
Please refer to Kister’s essay “Mecca and TAMIM”.
https://www.academia.edu/10588112/No_PreIslamic_Pilgrimage_to_Mecca
Confuting Third theme: The Role of Quraysh in the World Eastern Trade.
§ Trade with Syria
The fifth clause of the peace treaty between Byzantium and Persia in 561 furnishes decisive proof that the Ghassanids ''actively pursued their commerce and without doubt controlled the Syrian part of incense route''.
Arab traders had nothing to do with this.
• The incense or eastern and western goods reached by the Red Sea maritime route controlled by the Abyssinians in the second half of sixth century A.D.
People of Mecca had nothing to do with this.
• The treaty has clearly mentioned the Arabs. This concerned their local import and export, transported by the Quraysh caravans.
• The visit to Syria of the future false prophet does not mean it was international commerce. While, when the people left Muhammad in Mosque on the arrival of a caravan in Medina proves the nature of commerce, it was local.
• Here we come to Sura CVI.
1. For the ILAF of Quraish, 2. ILAF them, the RIHALA in winter and in summer. 3. So let them worship (Allah) the Lord of this House (the Ka'ba). 4. (He) Who has fed them against hunger, and has made them safe from KHAWF.
The text of verse no. 1 is not useful as it is incomplete phrase. Text no. 2 is the phrase is not really understood: if them refers to Quraysh, a tribe, so referring to it should be in singular form. Arabically speaking RIHKLA is not correct, it should be in dualism form. Both are grammatical errors done by Allah of Koran.
We read of interpretations.
Arab people differed in why this “for” (LAM).
Elaf ... is from verb AL’LAFA.
(ASMA’ bint YAZID) I heard the Prophet reads: ELAF ..."
(Mujahid) That means Allah made them easy the trip.
(Ibn Abbas) "For the ILAF of Quraish" means Allah’ mercy to Quraysh.
(Ibn Abbas) "For the ILAF of Quraish" means that Allah forbade them for the trip, and ordered them to worship the Lord of this House, ... and that was the grace of Allah to them.
(The RIHALA in winter and in summer)
(Ibn ZAID/ KALBI) They had two trips: a trip to Yemen in the winter, and a trip in summer to Syria.
(Ibn Abbas) they returned to Mecca in winter, and they go to TA’IF in summer.
(Made them safe from KHAWF)
(Mujahid) Allah gave them security against every enemy in their HARAM.
(Ibn Zaid) Arabs used to attack each other, but Allah protected them due to the position of the sanctuary.
(Dahhaak) KHAWF: is the leprosy.
(Ibn Abbas) KHAWF: leprosy.
The correct interpretation.
(Gabriel Sawma) "Li YILEF" is similar to the Syriac, meaning “let them know” .. .. “ILAFIHM”, it is from Aramaic, ALF meaning cattle, … “RIHLAT” comes fro the Aramaic root “RHL”, MEANING “EWE” i.e. female goat .. The Koran, in fact, is warning the tribe of Quraish that they should worship the Lord of the Ka’ba, otherwise, let them know that their cattle and sheep are there in summer and winter.
(The Qur'an: Misinterpreted, mistranslated, and misread - the Aramaic language of the Qur’an).
• When Crone mentioned sixteen persons of Quraysh who were practicing trade in Syria; this refers to goods needed locally by Arabs, no more no less.
• Seventh, Crone denied what Al-Kalbi mentioned in his assumption that the Byzantine Emperor resided in Syria. This is right. Arabs thought within Islamic sources that the head of Ghassanids is the King.
• Eighth, Arabs did not trade with gold and silver, but they used them as coins, money to buy and sell only in Syria, and other places.
Crone is right in her assumptions by saying that: "The sources thus do not suggest that Quraysh were involved in the mining of gold... But the reason why some of this gold would find its way to the north is clearly that it was a substitute for currency, not that it was an export commodity."
• Tenth, We ask: from what source you assert that Quraysh traded with Syria using its own value?
• Eleventh, Muhammad was oriented to intercept Quraysh caravans going to Syria, only for local needs. The Massacre of BADR never affected the international transit of commerce through Red Sea Route. The letter of Muhammad delivered to Yuhanna Ibn Ru'bah of A'ylah mention ships, which confirm our thesis.
§§ Trade with HIRA.
First, Crone denied the various illustrations in the Islamic narrations about the Quraysh's relation and its trade with Al-Hira in the pre-Islam period. She was right. Persians exported across west-east route, no needs for Arabs.
Second, Persians used to send their caravans to the south of the Arabian Peninsula using eastern coast route, not through incense Route. Persia and Al-Hira were in direct commercial relation with Ethiopia. No needs to Arabs.
Third, there was some commercial relation between Mecca and Al-Hira, for local use of Arabs only. It was not transit commerce.
Fourth, if somebody used to trade openly with Persia, that does not mean that Meccan were intermediates of international commerce.
Fifth, if Quraysh trade flourished greatly because the Arab tribes started attacking Persian caravans, this was temporary.
The question of the ILAF is treated upwards,
It was a big trade between Quraysh and Syria. The Persia was in direct contact with Indian goods. Arabs bought their needs of goods southwest of the Arabian Peninsula, and Ethiopian goods directly from Yemen.
§§§ Trade with Yemen
First, the attempt of Abraha to conquer Mecca is quiet a myth of the Koran and all written Islamic sources. See my essay:
https://www.academia.edu/9704328/Sura_105_Elephant_FIL_-_New_true_Interpretation_Tafsir_ .
Second, it is obvious; it was possible for Quraysh to purchase the commodities from Yemen, to be used locally. No need to re-export neither to Persia, nor to Syria, as Abyssinians traded via Red Sea route.
Third, again, the myth of the defeat of Abraha?
Other points do not need to reply, just logorrhea.
§§§§ Trade with Ethiopia:
Arabs purchased Ethiopian goods from Yemen, only for local use.
Ethiopian trade played any major role in Meccan economy. The so-called “Doctor” Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi claims “without providing a single convincing evidence to confirm her conclusion.” However, I give here one from her Islamic sources.
(Al-KALBI) The first sum of money obtained by Qussay b. Kilab was that of a great trader from Abyssinia who came to Mecca, after selling his merchandises, he moved to go back, but Qussay followed him, and killed him. Then he took his money, so he could be married to Hubba bint Halil. (MUNAMAQ).
This criminal thief, Qussay b. Kilab, is said to an ancestor of Muhammad, who acted with the same criminality.
Anyhow, this proves that Ethiopians traded in Mecca form the beginning.
We clear some allegations of the so-called “Doctor” Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi:
1. It is possible the existence of few Meccan traders.
2. The Arabs knew the Audlis Port since a long time before Islam, but they had no vessels to use in bulk trade.
4. The same is to be said for Shu'ayba Port, which is close to the current Jeddah.
5. Who was Muhammad, the Bedouin, to have direct relation with Syria or Ethiopia?
6. Crone believed that the ships were foreign, it is right. Omar forbade sea raids when Muslims drawn. That shows that Arabs had no familiarity with sea faring.
7. Mecca purchased Ethiopian goods from Hubasha market, Khadija sent Muhammad there.
8. The Ethiopian goods used to arrive in Shu'ayba, transported to Mecca by Quraysh caravans, were for local use only. As said before Persia imported her Ethiopian goods through gulf route, While the Abyssinians transported their goods to Ghassanids, in transit to Syria and Byzantium.
Once more the myth of Abraha?
https://www.academia.edu/9704328/Sura_105_Elephant_FIL_-_New_true_Interpretation_Tafsir_
9. See point 1 above
It is obvious that claims of the so-called “Doctor” Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi are void.
In the conclusion of discussing this matter, it is possible to provide the following facts:
Quraysh benefited only from trading during pagan pilgrimage. It is proved by the Koran, as people feared to loose everything when Muhammad banned the pagan trade.
The international conditions
• The conflict between the two great powers: Persia and Rome led to obstruction of the eastern trade, with the consequent conflict between the two Kingdoms: Hira and Ghassanids reduced the international commerce. Under this situation the trade routes to the west of the Arabian Peninsula flourished only for a limited period. These conditions were the real reason of creating pagan pilgrimage, and that leaded to the creation of Mecca.
• The conditions of the Arabs deteriorated in the south because of the Ethiopia's invasion. Ethiopians regained the control of the Red sea route.
• Again, the so-called “Doctor” Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi speaks about the myth of the reputation of Mecca, and the big lie about campaign of Abraha
• The so called “Doctor” Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi mentioned the danger of coral reeves of the Red Sea, but she ignore that ships navigated up to AYLA since the time of King Solomon.
• The so called “Doctor” Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi tries to convince us about the importance of Quraysh, a tribe collected in some way by Qussay b. Kilab, the criminal ancestor of Muhammad.
• Looking at the treaties made to safeguard the caravans, we believe that these were not held with the concerned kings, who surely never received Bedouins in their courts. Treaties were done with criminals existing along the ways. (I can give many proofs. I’m going to publish a separate paper in this subject).
Description of the reality of the caravans that carried the trade, which “enabled Mekkans to achieve enormous wealth”, is relative. “Enormous wealth” for Bedouins is nothing for others. Anyhow, it is due to local trade only.
Arabs needed the products of Byzantium, Persia and Ethiopia for local use, exactly as they import products of East and West nowadays.
Pliny’s assertion that "Arabs were the richest world nation...” is not referring to Mecca, which was not existed yet. It is not true that “this situation returned to Quraysh in the sixth century” as asserted by the so-called “Doctor” Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi.
Therefore, the three conclusions of Crone mentioned in her introduction of the sixth chapter, which are: "First, it was not a transit trade. Second, it was not a trade of the kind that attracted the attention of the inhabitants of Egypt and the Fertile Crescent. Third, it was not a trade that presupposed control of any trade routes in Arabia" are still valid.
Confuting Fourth theme: Islam Propagation (Da'wa) Center.
Claim of the Existence of a Center in the North of the Arabian Peninsula where Islam Rose
1. Nobody mentioned that Quraysh as traders, while The fifth clause of the peace treaty between Byzantium and Persia in 561 furnishes decisive proof that the Ghassanids ''actively pursued their commerce and without doubt controlled the Syrian part of incense route''.
Arab traders had nothing to do with this. The Byzantine archive are now in the hands of Turkey. Why they do not let people examine its contents freely? The Arabic sources are all written 3 centuries after Muhammad’ death.
2. Crone says, "…and the first sources to mention the sanctuary fail to give a name for it…", she is NOT mistaken. Read my discussion about the first theme of this study.
3. The question of Moka is still controversial.
4. Read the link about Ptolemy embedded in my discussion about the first theme of this study.
5. Crone proposes that, "We seem to have all the ingredients for Muhammad's career in Northwest Arabia.
Really, I can’t agree with Crone in this point. But She have the right to express her point of view.
The sanctuary that Nonnosus mentioned was located behind Tayyi Mountains. No probability to be Mecca.
The so called “Doctor” Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi continued referring to the myth of the campaign of Abraha!
Continuing, she points out that, "The belief that Abraham had bequeathed a monotheist religion to his Arab descendants is attested for Northwest Arabia as early as the fifth century in a Greek source. It is thus not impossible that Quraysh should have adopted Abrahamic descent and beliefs even before Islam.
Only the Islamic Pilgrimage, ordered by Muhammed is said to be performed according to the religion of Ibrahim, it was not before Islam. It was pagan pilgrimage arranged by TAMIM tribe.
That Arabs swore by Allah, who was the biggest divinity for them, the Creator of all idols.
Here we find a big lie asserted by the so-called “Doctor” Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi” “All religions had local missions, while Islamic Shariah (Islamic Law) covers all aspects of life for all of humanity without exception”.
islam is the religion of ignorant bedouins only. These are the proofs.
1- The Koran addresses the Arabs only .
The Koran is a literary piece in Arabic, says the Quran itself:
(Sura XII, v. 2) Verily, We have sent it down as an Arabic Qur'an in order that you may understand.
(Sura XLIII, v. 3) 3. We verily, have made it a Qur'an in Arabic, that you may be able to understand.
That is, it is a book for you Arabs, in your Arabic language.
(Ibn-YA'AMUR, was in charge of punctuate the Koran) OTHMAN said: In the Koran there is catachresis, but the Arabs will correct when they recite it. (SAJESTANI, "Book of copies of the Koran", p. 33).
The catachresis is what is not permissible in the language of the Arabs, as well as any linguistic error. This was an implicit recognition by OTHMAN, the third Caliph who made the composition of the Koranic code, for which the Koran would be only for the Arabs.
2) The falsity of the presumption of spreading Islam outside Arabia.
In an attempt to dye the Islamic propaganda of universality, Islamic reporters claim that Muhammad wrote proselytizing messages sent to the heads of the Arab tribes and the rulers out of the Arabian Peninsula to invite them to Islam. These narratives are unlikely, somewhat false.
How could they believe the alleged prophecy of a governor of a small unknown area of the Arabian Peninsula?
Do not forget also the theme of the writing of the Arabic language, which was not yet fixed at the time of Mohammed.
We continue as previously reported:
(Ibn al-Khatib) The people at the dawn of Islam was short of any art of writing. They were illiterate and Bedouins, compiled the Koran badly. When they started to learn writing, they never recorded the Koran in a good manner... (Furqan, p. 57-59).
3) The organic link with the environment of the Quran Arabic is evident. The contents of the Koran are clearly linked with simple geographic area of Arabia, with the habits and with the legacy of the inhabitants of the peninsula, which certainly can not be applied to the others, who were also included in Islam threatened by the swords.
The historical content of the Koran are also linked to the events of the Arabian Peninsula, including, local stories, taken from the cultures of next neighbors, Persian and Byzantine tales, called in the Koran "the fables of the ancients". Geographically, the precepts of the Koran can not be applied unless the Arabian Peninsula and in the tropical areas.
We see two cases.
- Many issues are related to the Desert, as tayammum (wash with sand).
(Sura V, v. 6) … But if you are ill or on a journey or any of you comes from answering the call of nature, or you have been in contact with women (i.e. sexual intercourse) and you find no water, then perform Tayammum with clean earth and rub therewith your faces and hands.
- The Islamic rites.
The more we deviate from the equator geographic become more significant changes in the length of day and night, even with the seasons of the year. Coming over the latitudes 67.5 degrees, the day lasts six months, while the night lasts 6 months. The prayers prescribed for each day shall be made once a year?
Among other things, Islam provides the lunar year instead of the regular solar one, used now allover the world.
The works of many Arab writers and poets claim that Islam is a religion only for Arabs. For example in the "Message of Forgiveness", by Abu el-ALA'E M'ARRI, one can read that Muhammad was the Prophet of the Arabs, and in his Prologomena by Ibn Khaldun we find a similar concept.
The Sunnah (narrations about deeds and sayings of the Prophet Muhammad) is the source of every criminality and terrorism in our world. No wonder, it is discussed now even in the islamic world. It will be banned soon.
Only Muslims established a fabricated historical event in its sources without historical or archeological evidences. For this reason Crone questioned all Islamic sources.
The victory of Islam and Muslims is attributed only to violence.
Confuting Fifth theme: The Date of the Battle of Badr.
We do not care a fig about the real date of the massacre of BADR.
The massacre of BADR, is the tale of vileness and cowardiness of Muhammad. A study of how things really went. Muhammad was only a thief and murderess. They call it "battle", and commemorate it!
Find herewith my study in subject. It is in Italian. I promise to translate it in English in a due time.
https://www.scribd.com/doc/254806531/Il-Massacro-Di-BADR
Confuting Sixth theme: Formation of the Islamic State.
Confuting Sixth theme/I- Islam resisted by the Quraysh infidels in Makkah, but succeeded in Yathrib.
1. Crone rejected the existence of the holy place in Mecca. The rituals were associated with ISAF & NA’ILA idols. Qussay, the alleged great-grandfather of Muhammad built the Ka’ba, as a service place for the pilgrims who came for Hajj created by TAMIM tribe. Qussay made himself responsible for providing drinking water to the Pilgrims. Therefore, he created Mecca, gathering nomadic people under the name of Quraysh.
Therefore, Mecca had no special honor.
2. People of Mecca resisted Muhammad for 13 years, and they mocked him. Why? He did not produce any proof to his prophethood.
Furthermore, Muhammad was really nobody, They said: Why is not this Qur'an sent down to some great man of the two towns (Mecca and Ta’if)?
Mecca was multiethnic, multicultural, and multi-confessional society, so they rejected Islamic impositions.
It is not true that the Jews refused Jesus Christ when he invited people to Christianity, only of them did so. in only 3 years of call, most of Jews accepted Christianity.
3. Muhammad claimed to be a prophet according to his own desire. He created his Allah, and attributed to Him his own words. The Jews knew that he was a false prophet, and for that reason he tried to kill them all. The Christians and Jews
know the reality of Mohammad as a false prophet, so they are now the enemies of Islam.
4. The so-called “Doctor” Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi mention a “great number of people who embraced Islam in Makkah”. They were only 70 low classed persons. who emigrated to Yathrib. The words of Ibn Is’haq are factious only.
5. The resistance of people in Mecca to Muhammad was normal and expected for the reasons said upwards.
6. The absence of evidence for a crisis in Mecca is treated downwards.
The so-called “Doctor” Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi knows very little about Jesus Christ to speak here. She got her information from untrusted Islamic sources.
We ask the so-called “Doctor” Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi, why the koran did not tell about the biography of Muhammad?
The claims of “Doctor” Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi that “not even a single word in the Qur'an has changed” made me laugh. Read My book,”Il Corano, Compendium”, or at least read the islamic book “ITQAN”.
7. The so-called “Doctor” Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi continued in her logorrhea speaking about Hitler, the Second World War, etc. Her words deserve no comment.
Confuting Sixth theme/II- Spiritual Crisis in Pre-Islamic Arabia.
Crone says, "As for the spiritual crisis, there does not appear to have been any such thing in sixth-century Arabia."1 She also argues that, "Pre-Islamic (or for that matter pre-modern) Arabia was strikingly poor in mythology, ceremonial, ritual, and festivals. Religious life was reduced to periodic visits to holy places, stones, and trees, to sacrifice and consultation of diviners; …and these practices were not closely associated with belief in specific gods. The great annual pilgrimage was apparently not conducted in the name of any one deity, and the remaining practices could effortlessly be switched from one deity to another; all survived into modern times, among Muslim and Christian tribesmen alike. …though in practice the holy men active in Arabia were in no position to ensure that conversion amounted to more than two little words.
She ends her argument by saying, "Indeed, in behavioral terms, the better part of Arabia was still pagan in the nineteenth century.
I Confirm the thesis o P. Crone.
I give here-after what makes void all the observations asserted by the so-called “Doctor” Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi about the above claims:
1. There were multiethnic, multicultural, and multi-confessional groups in Mecca, all were accepted. They leaved in peace up to the event of the false prophet Muhammad. The open-minded society confirms what Crone says, there was a spiritual no crisis in Arabia.
What is asserted by the so-called “Doctor” Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi that “a number of Arabs who renounced their fathers' (Abraham) religion before the rise of Islam” is quite false.
The Islamic myth about the arrival of Abraham to Mecca is to be rejected totally.
First: Because the Koran does not mention him, while it mentions many trivial or unreasonable stories.
Second: There is no proof of the arrival of Abraham in the center of the Arabian peninsula, except the Islamic history.
It is possible that Abraham accompany Ager from Palestine, along 700 km, to be left in a desert without water?
The Bible says realistically that Abraham "sent Agar away".
Third: There is no news about the arrival of Ishmael to Mecca, which is geographically situated in the middle of the Arabian Peninsula. It is an Arab legend. The inscriptions of the Chaldeans and Assyrians documented migrations of the tribes of the descendants of Ishmael, and they are not talking about moving toward the center of the Arabian Peninsula.
Even the Old Testament refutes this claim.
(Genesis, 25) (8-9) Then Abraham gave up the ghost, and died in a good old age, .. And his sons Isaac and Ishmael buried him in the cave of Machpelah, ...
If Ishmael had been in Mecca, as Muslims claim, he could not know about the death of Abraham in time to be able to travel for a few days up to Palestine, in order to attend the burial of Abraham.
Historically, we know that Ishmael lived in the desert near the border with Egypt, to the north of the Arabian Peninsula.
(Genesis, 25) (17-18) And these are the years of the life of Ishmael, an hundred and thirty and seven years: and he gave up the ghost and died; and was gathered unto his people. And they dwelt from Havilah unto Shur, that is before Egypt,
The story of the Bible is credible, the Islamic myth, NO.
Fourth: The Islamic story is completely contradicting the other story of the sacrifice, as romanticized by Islam. Allah Muslims ordered Abraham to sacrifice his son Ishmael, as a boy. How can that be? Muhammad said that Abraham had dismissed him infant, and visited him already married man.
Fifth: We have the JORHUM dilemma, to which we do not find any trace in history.
It is possible that the tribe, standing near to a water well, request authorization of a single woman, Agar? If the story was true, the members of that tribe would have seized thew well by force, reducing the woman to a concubine and the child to a slave, as was the custom of the Arabs in general, and what was also practiced by Muhammad himself with unprecedented atrocities.
Read also:
http://religionresearchinstitute.org/mohammad/ishmael.htm
We do not find anything strange when few persons changed their creeds.
The HANIFIYA, the religion of Ibrahim, was an invention of Zayd ibn Amro ibn Nufail. The Koran of Muhammad is unbelievable.
2. Claiming that pagan ritual practices survived into modern times among Muslims is true. Islamic pilgrimage is the same of TAMIM invented pagan MAWSIM of markets.
I’m preparing a book discussing this issue.
3. Where in Arabia are the missionary activities Crone is talking about?
We ask the so-called “Doctor” Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi, how could Christianity be in Mecca or in Najran without missionary activities? Many northern Arab tribes were Christians.
Christianity vanished from the Peninsula due to islamic persecution.
Please read The Decline of Eastern Christianity Under Islam : From Jihad to Dhimmitude : Seventh-Twentieth Century, Published by Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Pr (September, 1996), Authors: Bat Ye'or, Miriam Kochan, and David Littman.
I add a hypothesis dealing with this issue.
(BLADHURI) A group of three people from the tribe of TI'E, began to write the Arabic with the Syriac alphabet (a Semitic language), people of ANBAR it adopted the mode, then the learned people of HIRA. A man called Bishr ibn Abd al-Malik al-Kindī, (a Christian Arab), who learned the fledgling Arabic script of the people of HIRA, went to Mecca. Abu-Sufyan and QAIS asked him to teach them the alphabet, he did, so they began to write.
Then, Bishr, and Abu-Sufyan QAIS went to the city of TA’IF for trade, then a certain GILAN, learned writing from them. Bishr then left them and went to the Arab area of the seed of MUDDAR (Hijaz, near Mecca), where a certain AMRO ibn ZURARA learned the alphabet, and for this he was called AMRO The scribe. Later, Bishr went to the borders of Syria, and taught writing to the locals ... (FETUH, p. 516).
And here we must pause for a moment. We may think that Bishr was not the proper name, but the nickname that has meaning for the preacher. It was perhaps an evangelist, who tried to spread the Bible by adopting the Arabic script to translate the Christian Holy Book into the spoken language in Arabia.
It is reasonable, he had no another purpose.
4. Crone claims, "the better part of Arabia was still pagan in the nineteenth century." This is true. Really there are arabic literature in subject, but we have a complete description of life in the Peninsula in the book of Charles Doughty “Travels in Arabia Deserta”.
Paganism remained in all Arabia.
No doubt Islam is a pagan religion.
5. That Arabia was poor in mythology is an advantage. However, Crone did not mention many myths embedded in the Koran, as the fantastic stories about Ibrahim, Hud and Saleh, ‘AD and THAMUD … myths of Ka'ba … etc.
Confuting Sixth theme/III-Islamic State and Invasion
1. Every event can subdue to personal analysis. Crone had the right to say "Had they assisted Quraysh, they would have nipped Muhammad's statelet in its bud in Madina". I agree partially with her, and I can add that the people of Mecca was not highly considered by other Arabs. On the other hands, Muhammad attacked Mecca suddenly, and only when he gathered more the 10 thousand warriors. He premeditated the conquest, while Arab tribes could not organize help, if they so wanted.
As usual, muslims can’t support other opinions.
For a response of the sentence of the so-called “Doctor” Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi “saying so reveals with no doubt the true feelings Crone harbours against Islam”, I ensure that all non muslim world detest Islam, as it is a pure terrorism.
2. The argument of Crone that the reason behind the success of t Islam lies in the concept of state formation and conquest is absolutely CORRECT for many reasons:
a) People of Mecca opposed Muhammad in a very slight manner as Ibn Hisham mentions, they only mocked him, but he was left free to preach. Note that Muhammad killed his antagonists when he had the power.
It is not true that Islam spread in Mecca, only 70 persons of lower classes accepted Muhammad, those who emigrated to Yathrib.
b) one can demand: what type of divinity who order killing people to propagate his religion?
c) Muhammad was a thief, he sent spies to collect information and watch the movements of the commercial caravans, then he targeted the unprotected caravans. Muslims started attacking the caravans and capturing the the merchants.
This can’t be “in reply to the looting of the companions' properties by Quraysh after their migration to Yathrib (Madina)” as almost all the followers of the false prophet Muhammad were poor (The sole exception was UTHAM).
d) Muhammad raided against Mecca only when he could. Two years before, he was blocked at Hudaybiyya.
3. Sure we deny the divine nature of Islam. Till now, islam can’t stay without violence and ignorance.
4. Now the great lie: “Muhammad never initiated any of the battles”, life of Muhammad was called originally “book of assaults”, i.e. (MAGHAZI). He entered Mecca leading a huge armed force. Arab embraced Islam either by terror or by receiving bribes. In fact, Syria, Iraq, Egypt were conquered, and people converted to Islam after centuries, due to persecution.
Moses and Issa of the Koran are not Moses and Jesus we know, so it is useless to answer.
Confuting The seventh Theme: Facts in References to the Koran and muslim Mockery.
Arabs are really "barbarians", and Muslims are really "a nest of robbers", I was born between them. Meccan people were "a dwarf in the desert" it was a fact. The distribution of spoils of wars by Muhammad was really a robbery and looting, nothing else.
When Crone claims that,"The entire tradition is tendentious, its aim being the elaboration of an Arabian Heilsgeschichte, and this tendentiousness has shaped the facts as we have them…", she is right.
It is widely known that Islam considers people un-equal,
discriminating the others. The verse quoted speaks only about Muslims, so it is void, as all the Koran, which I calla Al Koran Al-KARIH (i.e. unpleasant).
Conclusion
Koran is not a divine revelation.
Personal biases and bigotry are returned to sender, the so called “Doctor” Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi.
The response is proved as big lies. Historically and geographically Mecca did not exist before the 4 century AD.
Islamic sources, and the fundamentals of Islamic history used within the response are not reliable.
Muhammad himself predicted the end of Islam.
It is narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Umar ('Abdullah b. 'Umar) that the “Messenger of Allah” observed: Verily Islam started as something strange and it would again revert of being strange just as it started, and it would recede between the two mosques just as the serpent crawls back into its hole. (Sahih Muslim, book 1, Number 0271).
Now, something special to the the so called “Doctor” Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi.
It is known that all Muslims are trying to be admitted to “islamic Paradise” in order to live in an orgy with HURI virgins.
What about Women?
According to Muhammad, 90% of women will be in Hell-Fire!
Supposing a muslim woman is admitted in the Islamic Paradise. With whom she will have sexual intercourse?
You may say with her last husband.
And if she was not married, or have been repudiated, how can she enjoy sex in the Islamic paradise?
Allah of Muslims spoke of wives granted to men in Paradise, but He made no mention of husbands of women admitted in Islamic Paradise, and in particular in two cases:
1 - those who die before getting married.
2 - those who die after repudiation, before beeing joined with another.
As well, what happens if a Muslim woman enters Paradise (Islamic, of course), while the husband goes into the Hell-Fire?
There is a strange response, contained in a Mohammedan tradition of meaning even more strange. The “Good: Muslim will "inherit" Muslim women, who in earthly life were wives of men thrown into Hell-Fire, in order to enjoy sexual intercourse with them (Sic!).
So, Allah of Muslims will assume the role of "marriage agency", assigning a bride to each of the men of Paradise who had never married!
A dilemma
The Muslim man will consider the women of the earth when he owns the beautiful women "Huri"?
You, so called “Doctor” Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi, assuming you are a good Muslim will be in the Islamic Paradise, you will wait until the man assigned to you finish his orgy with HURI virgins?
I know that you will not answer me.
Beware, I can insult you more heavily if you do!